Citation Guide
What is Citation?
It needs to be done when certain material or information in your work comes from another resource. Besides, it is like we give credit to the original author by citing their sources without plagiarizing.
Raffles University is using APA 7th style edition.
The standard citation style guidebook for the fields of psychology, business, education, health science, public service, and social science is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, 2019. Use for two types of citation In-text citation and References List.
3 Types of Citations
In-Text Citation
Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.
Bibliographic / Reference List
A reference list lists only the sources you refer to in your writing.
Paraphasing
A paraphrase citation restates someone’s else words in a new way or in your own words.
Citation Guideline
Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source.
Author type | First in-text citation | Subsequent in-text citations |
No author | (“Title of the Work,”2018) | (“Title of the Work,”2018) |
1 author | (Taylor,2018) | (Taylor, 2018) |
2 authors | (Taylor & Kotler, 2018) | (Taylor & Kotler, 2018) |
3-5 authors | (Taylor, Kotler, Johnson, & Parker, 2018) | (Taylor et al., 2018) |
6+ authors | (Taylor et al., 2018) | (Taylor et al., 2018) |
Organization (identified through abbreviation) | (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018) | (CDC, 2018) |
Organization (no abbreviation) | (Apple, 2018) | (Apple, 2018) |
A reference list lists only the sources you refer to in your writing.
Example of Reference List:
Kunkel, T., & Biscaia, R. (2020). Sport Brands: Brand Relationships and Consumer Behavior. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 29(1), 3+. Retrieved from https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A623251886/GPS? u=myrui&sid=GPS&xid=b4d9067f
Start with family name for author or authors, coma and other part of the names and,
Use only the initials of the authors’ first and middle names.
Williams[,] B[.] R[.]
If the name without family names, cite as they are known.
| Example | Author Name | Citation |
| English Name | Brandley R. Williams | Williams, B.R. |
| Malay Name | Tan Sri Ibrahim b. Abu Shah | Ibrahim Abu Shah |
| Chinese Name | Weng Ling Liu | Weng, L. L. |
| Francis Foo Heng Kiong | Foo, F. H. K. | |
| Indian Name | Muthu a/l Segaran | Muthu Segaran |
- Single Author
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher.
Franks, A. (2005). Margaret Sanger’s eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility. McFarland & Company.
- Two or Three Authors
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher.
Greig, A., Taylor, J., & MacKay, T. (2013). Doing research with children: A practical guide. Sage.
- e-Book
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle [Version]. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR URL of the home page of the e-book provider.
Ochs, S. (2004). A history of nerve functions: From animal spirits to molecular mechanisms [ebrary Reader version]. http://www.ebrary.com/corp/
- Journal Article
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx OR URL of journal home page [if available].
Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups? Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65.doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55
- Magazine Article
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Magazine Title, Volume(issue), page range. URL of home page [if available].
Zorthian, J. (2017, May 25). Real-life robocops. Time, 189(21). http://time.com/
- Newspaper Article
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. URL [if viewed online].
Severson, K., & Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It’s organic, but does that mean it’s safer? The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com
- Basic Website
Personal or Corporate Author. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, use n.d.). Title of specific webpage. URL of specific webpage.
Gaiman, N. (n.d.). How dare you. http://www.neilgaiman.com/Cool_Stuff/Essays_By_Neil/How_Dare_You
- Government Publication from a Website
Government Name. Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle (Report No. xxx [if available]). URL of specific document.
Environment Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service. (2004). The 1995 peregrine falcon survey in Canada. U. Banasch & G. Holroyd (Eds). (Occasional Paper no. 110). http://www.cwsscf.ec.gc.ca/publications/AbstractTemplate.cfm?lang=e&id=1067